There is significant overlap between biological processes known to be activated by TGF-β1 [21] and pathological fibrotic changes in XFG such as XFM production [5,14], oxidative stress [6,22], unfolded protein response [23], dysregulated retinoic acid signalling [12] and fibrotic ECM remodelling [20] suggesting that TGF-β1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of XFG [20]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to exfoliation syndrome.