Various cytokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis of AD, including interleukins (IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, and other families), tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNF-α), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), which may serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets [117]. Here, TNF is linked to Alzheimer disease.