APP and Alzheimer disease: Mitochondrial dysfunction associated with changes in MAM processes involving APP, Aβ, ApoE4, P-tau, mitofusins (localized in the outer mitochondrial membrane), inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (releasing Ca2+ from the ER to the cytosol), and other structural and functional partners of MAMs is apparently involved in the development of AD [219].