Contradicting results for the roles of LIV1 in breast cancer tumorigenesis have been reported: some studies demonstrate that ER-positive(+) breast cancer cells, which, according to the aforementioned mechanism above, have increased LIV-1 and intracellular zinc levels, are associated with better outcomes [46], as they are responsive to anti-estrogenic therapies such as Tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors [27]. Here, ESR1 is linked to breast carcinoma.