CTNNA3 and diabetes mellitus: Curiously, recent genetic association studies have linked mutations, non-coding polymorphisms and copy number variants (CNV) in CTNNA3 to a wide spectrum of diseases, including asthma, (Kim et al., 2009; Bernstein et al., 2013; McGeachie et al., 2015; Perin and Potocnik, 2014), food allergy (Li et al., 2015), autism spectrum disorder (Wang et al., 2009; O'Roak et al., 2012; Bacchelli et al., 2014), multiple sclerosis (Vilarino-Guell et al., 2019), diabetes (Zhang et al., 2021) and Alzheimer's (Smith et al., 2006; Miyashita et al., 2007).