However, numerous genetic association studies have linked CTNNA3 to a wide spectrum of diseases, ranging from asthma and food allergy to autism, multiple sclerosis, diabetes and Alzheimer's (Kim et al., 2009; Bernstein et al., 2013; McGeachie et al., 2015; Perin and Potocnik, 2014; Li et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2009; O'Roak et al., 2012; Bacchelli et al., 2014; Vilarino-Guell et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2021; Smith et al., 2006; Miyashita et al., 2007). Here, CTNNA3 is linked to diabetes mellitus.