TNF and thromboangiitis obliterans: Human primary cell cultures of fibroblasts or preadipocytes in TAO patients differentially secrete CXCL8 and CXCL10, which reflect different phases of the disease; CXCL10 represents the initial phase of disease when IFN-γ is preponderant, while CXCL8 represents the later chronic phase of the disease when TNF-α is dominant [147].