On the contrary, in non-cancer cells E2 blocks proliferation acting as a potent suppressor of Janus kinase pathway/cytokine signaling-2 protein involved in growth hormone activation (53); as well as inducing the release of E2-regulated autocrine growth factors, which antagonize and block the growth factor receptors [reviewed by (54)], thus limiting cellular proliferation. The gene discussed is GH1; the disease is cancer.