TGFB1 and neoplasm: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are subtypes of macrophages, which differ from general macrophages in that they exert immunosuppressive effects in the tumor microenvironment by secreting immunosuppressive cytokines (e.g., TGF-β, IL-10) and, while also promote tumor progression and metastasis by secreting growth factors and angiogenic factors (56).