AKT1 and neoplasm: (77) in 2021 showed that copper can promote tumorigenesis by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (PKB, also known as AKT) oncogenic signaling pathway and reported that blocking CTR-1 and reducing intracellular copper can inhibit the tumor-promoting effects of this signaling pathway (Figure 3).