Pilose antler peptide-3.2KD (PAP-3.2KD) has multiple biological activities in cardiomyopathy and reverses histological changes in cardiac tissue by decreasing TGF-β1, Smad2/3/4, and P-Smad2/3 levels, elevating Smad7 protein levels, thereby regulating pathological changes in the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, such as myofascial disorders, MF, and diffuse CMs edema (75). Here, SMAD2 is linked to cardiomyopathy.