HLF and bacterial vaginosis: Elevations in endogenous human lactoferrin (hLf) are reported in BV, however, a number of pathogens, including G. vaginalis (Jarosik and Land, 2000) Neisseriaceae (Biswas et al., 1999) and Helicobacter pylori (Dhaenens et al., 1997) have evolved hLF receptors that can acquire iron directly from hLF, the very mediator designed to limit iron supply.