PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Pembrolizumab, a humanized anti-PD-1 antibody approved for use by the US FDA in 2014, was used for treating advanced solid tumors [31, 32], such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [33–35], early triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) [36] and malignant pleural diseases [37].