COL1A1 and neoplasm: Moreover, we observed that NBFs treated with tumor CM exhibit CAF-like phenotype, as shown by the elevated expression of the classical myofibroblast markers α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibroblast activation protein (FAP), as well as the increased production of extracellular matrix (ECM), collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1) and collagen type III alpha 1 chain (COL3A1) (Fig. 1B and Supplementary Fig. 1C, E).