As obesity evolves, adipocytes endure hypertrophy, owing to augmented TG storage, and a high percentage of adiposity causes metabolic dysfunction, with increased secretion of proinflammatory adipokines/cytokines, mainly leptin and TNF-α, but decreased secretion of anti-inflammatory adipokines, mainly adiponectin45. Here, TNF is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.