CASP1 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: In the present physiological study, we found that in ARDS patients transitioning from controlled to partial support ventilation: (1) the overall concentration of inflammatory biomarkers did not change consistently, although a subgroup of patients exhibited an increase in some inflammatory biomarkers; (2) the frequency of high-magnitude pendelluft was the parameter best associated with the increase in specific inflammatory biomarkers (IL-8, IL-18, and Caspase-1), independently of ΔPes, ΔPL, and VT.