P2RX1 and leukemia: To evaluate the potential roles of P2X1 in AML development, we knocked down P2x1 in murine AML cells using shRNAs (Fig. S1A), and demonstrated that leukemia development was significantly delayed in the recipient mice receiving P2x1-knockdown AML cells than WT counterparts as revealed by reduced leukemia cell frequencies in the peripheral blood (Figs. S1B, C) and prolonged overall survival of leukemic mice (47 or 56 vs. 36 days, Fig. S1D).