TNF and deep vein thrombosis: As expected, a low-dose i.v. LMWH and the TLH bolus significantly inhibited DVT in pregnant rats and provided considerable endothelial protective effects (Supplementary Fig. 19), concomitant with decreased mRNA levels of pro-thrombotic factors (PAI-1 and TAFI) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in iliac veins (Supplementary Fig. 20a–d).