Furthermore, itappears that concomitant with the increase in WC, elevations in the levels ofproinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-6, andIL-1, are observed.39 These act directly on skeletal muscle to facilitate muscle catabolism throughpathways related to chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, thus contributing tothe development of sarcopenia.35,39. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and sarcopenia.