ADIPOQ and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Experimental studies showed that inflammation exacerbation associates PD and obesity.20,21 The results demonstrated that mice given a HF diet or db/db-/- presented increased adiposity, increased leptin, and decreased adiponectin serum levels, parameters also observed in humans with obesity.22,23 Mice with obesity also presented significant alveolar bone loss and changes in bone microarchitecture when compared to lean mice.