In the comparison of AUC, the pooled SMDs for total ghrelin, active GLP‐1 and total PYY also indicated lower postprandial concentrations in the obesity group, with the AUCs for both total ghrelin and total PYY being statistically significantly smaller in obesity (Figure 3A and Figure 3C, respectively). Here, GHRL is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.