The results showed that GPRC5A expression was significantly repressed, whereas active p65 was greatly increased, in most of NSCLC, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC), and all COPD tissues, compared with that in adjacent normal (AN) lung tissues (Figure 1, A and B). This evidence concerns the gene GPRC5A and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.