PDCD1 and clear cell renal carcinoma: Current therapies for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) involve immunomodulatory therapy targeting the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 and/or cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated protein 4 immune checkpoints, in combination with a number of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that inhibit VEGF and other signaling pathways (1, 2).