In studies of bacterial infection, host-mediated metal intoxication has been primarily reported to occur within specific subcellular compartments, such as the phagolysosome of phagocytic cells (11, –, 15), or as a result of tissue-level redistribution of Cu, suggested to be due to the Cu-containing ferroxidase ceruloplasmin (CP) (16, 17). This evidence concerns the gene CP and bacterial infectious disease.