Formation of the RNA–RNA duplex can stabilize the target mRNA by preventing RNase-mediated degradation or by influencing the binding of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) to mRNA, as was proposed for PDCD4-AS1 and PDCD4 in breast cancer [48] and for FOXC2-AS1 and FOXC2 in colorectal cancer progression [49], respectively (Figure 3a). Here, PDCD4 is linked to breast carcinoma.