In addition, most of the current studies have reported that the actions of E2 in CRC are receptor-dependent and have also shown that ERα is oncogenic, whereas ERβ exerts anti-cancer activities [44,62,63,64], which, consequently, can activate the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38/MAPK) pathway [65]. The gene discussed is MAPK14; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.