HP and cancer: With the aim of identifying biomarkers of cancer development with respect to precancerous lesions, salivary proteins from 12 patients with OSCC and 12 healthy subjects were taken and separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and mass spectrometry (MS), and the solid association of α-1-antitrypsin and haptoglobin with OSCC was further enhanced by immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissues [39].