NEFL and Alzheimer disease: To study the associations between GM-CBF and markers of neurodegeneration, we used CSF levels of NfL, which increases in relation to ongoing axonal degeneration,46 and NPTX2/T-tau ratio which decreases with respect to synaptic degeneration.47 Using ROI-based analysis, no correlation was found between GM-CBF and NfL neither in CU nor in the individuals on the AD continuum (p(FDR) > 0.05, see Supplementary Table 10) although there was a trend toward significance in middle frontal for the latter group (β = −0.0985, p(FDR) = 0.0503).