Finally, we applied these same two approaches but using the six cancer gene signatures from Neftel et al., 2019 (astrocytic: ‘AC’; mesenchymal: ‘MES1’ and ‘MES2’; oligodendrocyte progenitor-specific: ‘OPC’; and neural progenitor-specific: ‘NPC1’ and ‘NPC2’). The gene discussed is NPC1; the disease is cancer.