PTGS2 and asthma: In lungs, TGF-β1 recruits immune cells, such as eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, and fibroblasts, as well as increases the production and expression of IL-8, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in airway smooth muscle cells, leading to airway inflammation and finally asthma [223–227].