IDH1 and glioma: Upregulated PDGFRA-CTCF methylation and PDGFRA expression was also confirmed upon exogenous treatment with 2-HG, confirming 2-HG mediated CTCF hypermethylation as mechanism of action upregulating PDGFRA. This finding is supported by the work from the B. Bernstein research group showing disrupted DNA looping and subsequent activation of PDGFRA expression in IDH1-mut glioma [12].