Because insulin resistance is associated with PI3K–AKT-FOXO1 axis (Tilg & Moschen, 2008; Zhang et al, 2012), the phosphorylated AKT and FOXO1 were examined, and it was found that DKK1 decreased phosphorylation of AKT (Ser473) and FOXO1 (Fig 6D). Here, FOXO1 is linked to Insulin resistance.