FMR1 and autism: They concluded that premutation carriers diagnosed with higher levels of obsessive compulsive symptoms, depression, and anxiety comprised significantly elevated FMR1 mRNA expression level (p-value < 0.001) which consequently may result in neuronal toxicity; these changes may lead to neurodevelopmental problems, including frequent autism-like features and learning problems as well as neurodegenerative diseases including fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) [24, 25].