This induces a conformational change [7] that facilitates IKK activation by the TAK1 kinase complex [8,9], leading to activation of the transcription factors NF-κB and IRF5 (interferon regulatory factor 5) [10,11] that are essential for transcription of genes encoding some of the inflammatory mediators needed to mount responses that combat infection by microbial pathogens. Here, IRF5 is linked to infection.