NFKB1 and cancer: In some cancers, such as gallbladder cancer and breast cancer, propofol processed cancer-promoting effects, but most studies have shown its cancer-inhibiting function from not only affecting epigenetic pathways, such as those involving miRNA, lncRNA, and histone acetylation, but also modulating signaling pathways, such as the hypoxia, NF-κB, MAPK, SLUG, and Nrf2 pathways.