TNFSF11 and osteoporosis: Anti-resorptive drugs are the most commonly used (Li et al., 2021), mainly including bisphosphonates (first-line drugs to treat osteoporosis by inducing the apoptosis of osteoclasts), denosumab (selectively inhibits RANKL binding to RANK) and estrogen (estrogen replacement therapy) (Drake et al., 2008; Levin et al., 2018; Kendler et al., 2022).