In pulmonary fibrosis rats, Astragaloside IV significantly inhibits the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway and attenuates extracellular matrix deposition, such as collagen I, collagen III, laminin, hyaluronic acid, hydroxyproline, high-mobility group box1 (Li et al., 2017; Li et al., 2019; Li N. et al., 2021). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is pulmonary fibrosis.