Calycosin can ameliorate myocardial infarction-induced inflammation and fibrosis via activation of PI3K-AKT-IκB kinase α/β (IKKα/β) in heart failure rats and transforming growth factor-beta receptor 1 (TGFBR1) pathways in heart failure mice (Wang et al., 2022b; Chen et al., 2022). Here, TGFBR1 is linked to heart failure.