Presence of Aβ and p-tau in brain-derived EVs isolated from blood of patients (Saman et al., 2012; Simic et al., 2016) Upregulation of miR-9-5p, miR342-3p and miR-598 in the blood and CSF of AD patients (Manna et al., 2020; Wang and Zhang, 2020). Elevated levels of autolysosomal proteins (LAMP-1 and cathepsin D) in nEV (Goetzl et al., 2015b). The gene discussed is CTSD; the disease is Alzheimer disease.