Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), secreted by a broad range of cells upon hypoxia and oxidative stress, is a marker of cellular aging and inflammatory activity, as well as a major risk indicator of hemorrhages in patients with AF treated with OAC, even adjusted by the clinical components of HAS-BLED score and other biomarkers (10, 11). This evidence concerns the gene GDF15 and atrial fibrillation.