TNF and allergic disease: Promote the expression of MHC-II, CD40, CD80, CD86, OX40L, and CCR7 Prevent sST2 release Increase production of the allergy-associated cytokines and chemokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, CCL17, TNF-α, and IL-1β IL-33-induced DCs prime naive lymphocytes to produce IL-5 and IL-13