In summary, we recommend (i) training of frontline health workers in nutrition education and counseling, (ii) counseling of AN and PN women, especially after the Hb test, (iii) strengthening coverage of ANC and PNC services, including the provision of IFA, calcium and food supplements, (iv) timely treatment or referral of PLW with severe anemia, and (v) promoting handwashing practices. The gene discussed is GSTM1; the disease is anemia (phenotype).