Studies have also shown that adipose-derived MSCs protect mice from chronic mild stress-induced depression-like behaviors by modulating Nrf2/HO-1 and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways, therefore, the role of MSCs in the treatment of cognitive impairment in MDD is also anticipated (Huang et al., 2020). The gene discussed is HMOX1; the disease is major depressive disorder.