Consistent with the heightened activation of PRRs, ELISA showed that serum cytokine concentrations of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17A were significantly induced with obesity, as was anti-inflammatory TGF-β and IL-10. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.