These results showed that obesity not only modulates metabolic variables but also exacerbates retinopathy and nephropathy and that oral neomycin could obviously reduce triacylglycerol levels and prevent obesity-induced pathological changes in the kidney and retina, although neomycin showed no effects on glucose or insulin levels compared with untreated obese mice. This evidence concerns the gene INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.