TGFB1 and neoplasm: It has also been proposed that TGFB1 may influence the behavior of oral squamous cell carcinoma through mechanisms such as involvement in tumor fibrosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and extracellular matrix remodeling (Donohoe et al., 2017; Hu et al., 2019), but few studies have reported on the role of TGFB1 in HNSCC.