PDIA3 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Yamamoto et al. and Hirose et al. [39, 40] believed that PDIA3 played the role of stress initiation factor in ERS and UPR, up-regulating the transcription of down-stream genes including PDIA3 to promote the initiation of UPR, which was related to the development, infiltration, and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, also closely related to the occurrence, development, metastasis, and prognosis of breast cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer [41], CHOL, and prostate cancer.