NLRP3 and Cognitive impairment: Additionally, previous studies found that the abundance of pro-inflammatory Escherichia/Shigella in stool was higher in patients with cognitive impairment and brain amyloidosis than in the control group, and was positively related to the level of IL-1β, CXCL2 and NLRP3 inflammasome (Cattaneo et al., 2017).