It may thus be proposed that the present study further reveals a small but detectable rise in circulating IL-17A-producing FOXP3+ CD4+ T cell subset that was associated with the occurrence of a CD relapse within 4 months, supporting the contribution of this subset along with CD8 cytotoxic T cells as key pathophysiologic markers of a preclinical relapse that thus appear as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in IBD. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and inflammatory bowel disease.