Nevertheless, such finding suggests that IL-38 may be a target for potential therapeutic approach in the management of intestinal diseases, that is, exogenous IL-38 would be useful in treating acute and/or chronic intestinal infection (23, 24) and/or colorectal cancer patients (36), particularly among the immune-compromised patients, such as the elderly and/or HIV patients. Here, IL1F10 is linked to colorectal cancer.