Meanwhile, activated resident macrophages and renal parenchymal cells such as glomerular podocytes, mesangial cells and tubular epithelial cells in DN secrete chemokines such as C-C Motif Chemokine Ligands 2 &5 (CCL2, CCL5) (37) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) (38), which induce circulating monocytes (Ly6Chigh monocytes and Ly6Clow monocytes) to form the infiltrating macrophages in kidney and finally contribute to pathogenesis of kidney diseases (28). This evidence concerns the gene CSF1 and liver dysplastic nodule.