TFEB and liver dysplastic nodule: In DN mice, MSCs could mediate the activation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) pathway, and subsequently restore lysosomal function and autophagy activity in macrophages, which induces anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage phenotype and ameliorates renal injury (123, 124).