These discoveries improved the diagnosis of PMN with anti-PLA2R autoantibody testing having a specificity of 99%, which together with the kidney biopsy light microscopy findings of subepithelial “spikes” of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) on silver methenamine stain, immunofluorescence finding of granular deposits of IgG along the glomerular capillary wall, and electron microscopy finding of exclusive subepithelial localization of electron-dense deposits, differentiate PMN from other forms of nephrotic syndrome (1, 5). The gene discussed is PLA2R1; the disease is nephrotic syndrome.