To determine whether this is a common phenotype for PD-associated genes that are believed to be involved in vesicle trafficking,51 we performed electrophysiological analysis and ultrastructural observation of synaptic boutons using flies harboring LOF alleles for Rab32, Lrrk, VPS35, Aux, INPP5F, Synaptojanin (Synj), and RME-8 (Figure 6). The gene discussed is VPS35; the disease is Parkinson disease.