And in the comorbidities subgroup analysis, serum CTX levels were lower in patients with re-fractures with combined diabetes than in patients with re-fractures without combined diabetes and lower than in patients with primary fractures with combined diabetes; serum BGP levels were lower in patients with primary and recurrent fractures with combined diabetes than in patients with primary and recurrent fractures without combined diabetes. The gene discussed is BGLAP; the disease is diabetes mellitus.