TNF and brain ischemia: We have previously reported that genetic deletion of KLF11 enhanced the expression of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6, TNF-α, ICAM-1, and MCP-1 in ischemic brains [18], whereas transgenic overexpression of KLF11 in vascular endothelial cells strongly repressed the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, IL-6, ICAM-1, and P-selectin in mouse brains after cerebral ischemia [19].